扩展 OpenAPI¶
在某些情况下,你可能需要修改生成的 OpenAPI 架构(schema)。
本节将介绍如何实现。
常规流程¶
常规(默认)流程如下。
FastAPI 应用(实例)有一个 .openapi() 方法,预期返回 OpenAPI 架构。
在创建应用对象时,会注册一个用于 /openapi.json(或你在 openapi_url 中设置的路径)的路径操作。
它只会返回一个 JSON 响应,内容是应用 .openapi() 方法的结果。
默认情况下,.openapi() 方法会检查属性 .openapi_schema 是否已有内容,若有则直接返回。
如果没有,则使用 fastapi.openapi.utils.get_openapi 工具函数生成。
该 get_openapi() 函数接收以下参数:
title:OpenAPI 标题,显示在文档中。version:你的 API 版本,例如2.5.0。openapi_version:使用的 OpenAPI 规范版本。默认是最新的3.1.0。summary:API 的简短摘要。description:API 的描述,可包含 Markdown,并会展示在文档中。routes:路由列表,即已注册的每个路径操作。来自app.routes。
信息
参数 summary 仅在 OpenAPI 3.1.0 及更高版本中可用,FastAPI 0.99.0 及以上版本支持。
覆盖默认值¶
基于以上信息,你可以用同一个工具函数生成 OpenAPI 架构,并按需覆盖其中的各个部分。
例如,让我们添加 ReDoc 的 OpenAPI 扩展以包含自定义 Logo。
常规 FastAPI¶
首先,像平常一样编写你的 FastAPI 应用:
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.openapi.utils import get_openapi
app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items():
return [{"name": "Foo"}]
def custom_openapi():
if app.openapi_schema:
return app.openapi_schema
openapi_schema = get_openapi(
title="Custom title",
version="2.5.0",
summary="This is a very custom OpenAPI schema",
description="Here's a longer description of the custom **OpenAPI** schema",
routes=app.routes,
)
openapi_schema["info"]["x-logo"] = {
"url": "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-teal.png"
}
app.openapi_schema = openapi_schema
return app.openapi_schema
app.openapi = custom_openapi
生成 OpenAPI 架构¶
然后,在一个 custom_openapi() 函数中使用同一个工具函数生成 OpenAPI 架构:
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.openapi.utils import get_openapi
app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items():
return [{"name": "Foo"}]
def custom_openapi():
if app.openapi_schema:
return app.openapi_schema
openapi_schema = get_openapi(
title="Custom title",
version="2.5.0",
summary="This is a very custom OpenAPI schema",
description="Here's a longer description of the custom **OpenAPI** schema",
routes=app.routes,
)
openapi_schema["info"]["x-logo"] = {
"url": "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-teal.png"
}
app.openapi_schema = openapi_schema
return app.openapi_schema
app.openapi = custom_openapi
修改 OpenAPI 架构¶
现在你可以添加 ReDoc 扩展,在 OpenAPI 架构的 info “对象”中加入自定义 x-logo:
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.openapi.utils import get_openapi
app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items():
return [{"name": "Foo"}]
def custom_openapi():
if app.openapi_schema:
return app.openapi_schema
openapi_schema = get_openapi(
title="Custom title",
version="2.5.0",
summary="This is a very custom OpenAPI schema",
description="Here's a longer description of the custom **OpenAPI** schema",
routes=app.routes,
)
openapi_schema["info"]["x-logo"] = {
"url": "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-teal.png"
}
app.openapi_schema = openapi_schema
return app.openapi_schema
app.openapi = custom_openapi
缓存 OpenAPI 架构¶
你可以把 .openapi_schema 属性当作“缓存”,用来存储已生成的架构。
这样一来,用户每次打开 API 文档时,应用就不必重新生成架构。
它只会生成一次,后续请求都会使用同一份缓存的架构。
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.openapi.utils import get_openapi
app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items():
return [{"name": "Foo"}]
def custom_openapi():
if app.openapi_schema:
return app.openapi_schema
openapi_schema = get_openapi(
title="Custom title",
version="2.5.0",
summary="This is a very custom OpenAPI schema",
description="Here's a longer description of the custom **OpenAPI** schema",
routes=app.routes,
)
openapi_schema["info"]["x-logo"] = {
"url": "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-teal.png"
}
app.openapi_schema = openapi_schema
return app.openapi_schema
app.openapi = custom_openapi
覆盖方法¶
现在你可以用你的新函数替换 .openapi() 方法。
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.openapi.utils import get_openapi
app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items():
return [{"name": "Foo"}]
def custom_openapi():
if app.openapi_schema:
return app.openapi_schema
openapi_schema = get_openapi(
title="Custom title",
version="2.5.0",
summary="This is a very custom OpenAPI schema",
description="Here's a longer description of the custom **OpenAPI** schema",
routes=app.routes,
)
openapi_schema["info"]["x-logo"] = {
"url": "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-teal.png"
}
app.openapi_schema = openapi_schema
return app.openapi_schema
app.openapi = custom_openapi
验证¶
当你访问 http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc 时,你会看到已使用你的自定义 Logo(本例中为 FastAPI 的 Logo):
