SQL（关系型）数据库

FastAPI 并不要求您使用 SQL（关系型）数据库。您可以使用任何想用的数据库。

这里，我们来看一个使用 SQLModel 的示例。

SQLModel 是基于 SQLAlchemy 和 Pydantic 构建的。它由 FastAPI 的同一作者制作，旨在完美匹配需要使用 SQL 数据库的 FastAPI 应用程序。

Tip

您可以使用任何其他您想要的 SQL 或 NoSQL 数据库（在某些情况下称为 “ORM”），FastAPI 不会强迫您使用任何东西。😎

由于 SQLModel 基于 SQLAlchemy，因此您可以轻松使用任何由 SQLAlchemy 支持的数据库（这也让它们被 SQLModel 支持），例如：

• PostgreSQL
• MySQL
• SQLite
• Oracle
• Microsoft SQL Server 等.

在这个例子中，我们将使用 SQLite，因为它使用单个文件，并且 Python 对其有集成支持。因此，您可以直接复制这个例子并运行。

之后，对于您的生产应用程序，您可能会想要使用像 PostgreSQL 这样的数据库服务器。

Tip

有一个使用 FastAPI 和 PostgreSQL 的官方的项目生成器，其中包括了前端和更多工具： https://github.com/fastapi/full-stack-fastapi-template

这是一个非常简单和简短的教程。如果您想了解一般的数据库、SQL 或更高级的功能，请查看 SQLModel 文档。

安装 SQLModel

首先，确保您创建并激活了虚拟环境，然后安装了 sqlmodel :

$ pip install sqlmodel
---> 100%

创建含有单一模型的应用程序

我们首先创建应用程序的最简单的第一个版本，只有一个 SQLModel 模型。

稍后我们将通过下面的多个模型提高其安全性和多功能性。🤓

创建模型

导入 SQLModel 并创建一个数据库模型：

Python 3.10+

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str

# Code below omitted 👇

👀 Full file preview

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]

app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

🤓 Other versions and variants

Python 3.9+Python 3.8+Python 3.10+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.9+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.8+ - non-Annotated

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]

app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select
from typing_extensions import Annotated


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]

app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
) -> List[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
) -> List[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Hero 类与 Pydantic 模型非常相似（实际上，从底层来看，它确实就是一个 Pydantic 模型）。

有一些区别：

• table=True 会告诉 SQLModel 这是一个表模型，它应该表示 SQL 数据库中的一个表，而不仅仅是一个数据模型（就像其他常规的 Pydantic 类一样）。

• Field(primary_key=True) 会告诉 SQLModel id 是 SQL 数据库中的主键（您可以在 SQLModel 文档中了解更多关于 SQL 主键的信息）。

  把类型设置为 int | None ，SQLModel 就能知道该列在 SQL 数据库中应该是 INTEGER 类型，并且应该是 NULLABLE 。

• Field(index=True) 会告诉 SQLModel 应该为此列创建一个 SQL 索引，这样在读取按此列过滤的数据时，程序能在数据库中进行更快的查找。

  SQLModel 会知道声明为 str 的内容将是类型为 TEXT （或 VARCHAR ，具体取决于数据库）的 SQL 列。

创建引擎（Engine）

SQLModel 的引擎 engine（实际上它是一个 SQLAlchemy engine ）是用来与数据库保持连接的。

您只需构建一个 engine，来让您的所有代码连接到同一个数据库。

Python 3.10+

# Code above omitted 👆

sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)

# Code below omitted 👇

👀 Full file preview

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]

app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

🤓 Other versions and variants

Python 3.9+Python 3.8+Python 3.10+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.9+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.8+ - non-Annotated

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]

app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select
from typing_extensions import Annotated


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]

app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
) -> List[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
) -> List[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

使用 check_same_thread=False 可以让 FastAPI 在不同线程中使用同一个 SQLite 数据库。这很有必要，因为单个请求可能会使用多个线程（例如在依赖项中）。

不用担心，我们会按照代码结构确保每个请求使用一个单独的 SQLModel 会话，这实际上就是 check_same_thread 想要实现的。

创建表

然后，我们来添加一个函数，使用 SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine) 为所有表模型创建表。

Python 3.10+

# Code above omitted 👆

def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)

# Code below omitted 👇

👀 Full file preview

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]

app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

🤓 Other versions and variants

Python 3.9+Python 3.8+Python 3.10+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.9+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.8+ - non-Annotated

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]

app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select
from typing_extensions import Annotated


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]

app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
) -> List[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
) -> List[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

创建会话（Session）依赖项

Session 会存储内存中的对象并跟踪数据中所需更改的内容，然后它使用 engine 与数据库进行通信。

我们会使用 yield 创建一个 FastAPI 依赖项，为每个请求提供一个新的 Session 。这确保我们每个请求使用一个单独的会话。🤓

然后我们创建一个 Annotated 的依赖项 SessionDep 来简化其他也会用到此依赖的代码。

Python 3.10+

# Code above omitted 👆

def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]

# Code below omitted 👇

👀 Full file preview

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]

app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

🤓 Other versions and variants

Python 3.9+Python 3.8+Python 3.10+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.9+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.8+ - non-Annotated

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]

app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select
from typing_extensions import Annotated


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]

app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
) -> List[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
) -> List[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

在启动时创建数据库表

我们会在应用程序启动时创建数据库表。

Python 3.10+

# Code above omitted 👆

app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()

# Code below omitted 👇

👀 Full file preview

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]

app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

🤓 Other versions and variants

Python 3.9+Python 3.8+Python 3.10+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.9+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.8+ - non-Annotated

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]

app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select
from typing_extensions import Annotated


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]

app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
) -> List[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
) -> List[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

此处，在应用程序启动事件中，我们创建了表。

而对于生产环境，您可能会用一个能够在启动应用程序之前运行的迁移脚本。🤓

Tip

SQLModel 将会拥有封装 Alembic 的迁移工具，但目前您可以直接使用 Alembic。

创建 Hero 类

因为每个 SQLModel 模型同时也是一个 Pydantic 模型，所以您可以在与 Pydantic 模型相同的类型注释中使用它。

例如，如果您声明一个类型为 Hero 的参数，它将从 JSON 主体中读取数据。

同样，您可以将其声明为函数的返回类型，然后数据的结构就会显示在自动生成的 API 文档界面中。

Python 3.10+

# Code above omitted 👆

@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero

# Code below omitted 👇

👀 Full file preview

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]

app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

🤓 Other versions and variants

Python 3.9+Python 3.8+Python 3.10+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.9+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.8+ - non-Annotated

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]

app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select
from typing_extensions import Annotated


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]

app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
) -> List[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
) -> List[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

这里，我们使用 SessionDep 依赖项（一个 Session ）将新的 Hero 添加到 Session 实例中，提交更改到数据库，刷新 hero 中的数据，并返回它。

读取 Hero 类

我们可以使用 select() 从数据库中读取 Hero 类，并利用 limit 和 offset 来对结果进行分页。

Python 3.10+

# Code above omitted 👆

@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes

# Code below omitted 👇

👀 Full file preview

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]

app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

🤓 Other versions and variants

Python 3.9+Python 3.8+Python 3.10+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.9+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.8+ - non-Annotated

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]

app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select
from typing_extensions import Annotated


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]

app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
) -> List[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
) -> List[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

读取单个 Hero

我们可以读取单个 Hero 。

Python 3.10+

# Code above omitted 👆

@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero

# Code below omitted 👇

👀 Full file preview

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]

app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

🤓 Other versions and variants

Python 3.9+Python 3.8+Python 3.10+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.9+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.8+ - non-Annotated

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]

app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select
from typing_extensions import Annotated


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]

app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
) -> List[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
) -> List[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

删除单个 Hero

我们也可以删除单个 Hero 。

Python 3.10+

# Code above omitted 👆

@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

👀 Full file preview

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]

app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

🤓 Other versions and variants

Python 3.9+Python 3.8+Python 3.10+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.9+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.8+ - non-Annotated

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]

app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select
from typing_extensions import Annotated


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]

app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
) -> List[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/")
def create_hero(hero: Hero, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    session.add(hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
) -> List[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero:
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

运行应用程序

您可以运行这个应用程序：

$ fastapi dev main.py

<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)

然后在 /docs UI 中，您能够看到 FastAPI 会用这些模型来记录 API，并且还会用它们来序列化和验证数据。

更新应用程序以支持多个模型

现在让我们稍微重构一下这个应用，以提高安全性和多功能性。

如果您查看之前的应用程序，您可以在 UI 界面中看到，到目前为止，由客户端决定要创建的 Hero 的 id 值。😱

我们不应该允许这样做，因为他们可能会覆盖我们在数据库中已经分配的 id 。决定 id 的行为应该由后端或数据库来完成，而非客户端。

此外，我们为 hero 创建了一个 secret_name ，但到目前为止，我们在各处都返回了它，这就不太秘密了……😅

我们将通过添加一些额外的模型来解决这些问题，而 SQLModel 将在这里大放异彩。✨

创建多个模型

在 SQLModel 中，任何含有 table=True 属性的模型类都是一个表模型。

任何不含有 table=True 属性的模型类都是数据模型，这些实际上只是 Pydantic 模型（附带一些小的额外功能）。🤓

有了 SQLModel，我们就可以利用继承来在所有情况下避免重复所有字段。

HeroBase - 基类

我们从一个 HeroBase 模型开始，该模型具有所有模型共享的字段：

• name
• age

Python 3.10+

# Code above omitted 👆

class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)

# Code below omitted 👇

👀 Full file preview

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: str | None = None
    age: int | None = None
    secret_name: str | None = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]
app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: SessionDep):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: SessionDep):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

🤓 Other versions and variants

Python 3.9+Python 3.8+Python 3.10+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.9+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.8+ - non-Annotated

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]
app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: SessionDep):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: SessionDep):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select
from typing_extensions import Annotated


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]
app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: SessionDep):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=List[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: SessionDep):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: str | None = None
    age: int | None = None
    secret_name: str | None = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(
    hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)
):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(
    hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)
):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=List[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(
    hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)
):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Hero - 表模型

接下来，我们创建 Hero ，实际的表模型，并添加那些不总是在其他模型中的额外字段：

• id
• secret_name

因为 Hero 继承自 HeroBase ，所以它也包含了在 HeroBase 中声明过的字段。因此 Hero 的所有字段为：

• id
• name
• age
• secret_name

Python 3.10+

# Code above omitted 👆

class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str

# Code below omitted 👇

👀 Full file preview

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: str | None = None
    age: int | None = None
    secret_name: str | None = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]
app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: SessionDep):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: SessionDep):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

🤓 Other versions and variants

Python 3.9+Python 3.8+Python 3.10+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.9+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.8+ - non-Annotated

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]
app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: SessionDep):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: SessionDep):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select
from typing_extensions import Annotated


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]
app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: SessionDep):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=List[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: SessionDep):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: str | None = None
    age: int | None = None
    secret_name: str | None = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(
    hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)
):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(
    hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)
):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=List[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(
    hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)
):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

HeroPublic - 公共数据模型

接下来，我们创建一个 HeroPublic 模型，这是将返回给 API 客户端的模型。

它包含与 HeroBase 相同的字段，因此不会包括 secret_name 。

终于，我们英雄（hero）的身份得到了保护！ 🥷

它还重新声明了 id: int 。这样我们便与 API 客户端建立了一种约定，使他们始终可以期待 id 存在并且是一个整数 int（永远不会是 None ）。

Tip

确保返回模型始终提供一个值并且始终是 int （而不是 None ）对 API 客户端非常有用，他们可以在这种确定性下编写更简单的代码。

此外，自动生成的客户端将拥有更简洁的接口，这样与您的 API 交互的开发者就能更轻松地使用您的 API。😎

HeroPublic 中的所有字段都与 HeroBase 中的相同，其中 id 声明为 int （不是 None ）：

• id
• name
• age
• secret_name

Python 3.10+

# Code above omitted 👆

class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int

# Code below omitted 👇

👀 Full file preview

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: str | None = None
    age: int | None = None
    secret_name: str | None = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]
app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: SessionDep):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: SessionDep):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

🤓 Other versions and variants

Python 3.9+Python 3.8+Python 3.10+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.9+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.8+ - non-Annotated

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]
app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: SessionDep):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: SessionDep):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select
from typing_extensions import Annotated


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]
app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: SessionDep):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=List[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: SessionDep):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: str | None = None
    age: int | None = None
    secret_name: str | None = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(
    hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)
):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(
    hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)
):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=List[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(
    hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)
):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

HeroCreate - 用于创建 hero 的数据模型

现在我们创建一个 HeroCreate 模型，这是用于验证客户数据的模型。

它不仅拥有与 HeroBase 相同的字段，还有 secret_name 。

现在，当客户端创建一个新的 hero 时，他们会发送 secret_name ，它会被存储到数据库中，但这些 secret_name 不会通过 API 返回给客户端。

Tip

这应当是密码被处理的方式：接收密码，但不要通过 API 返回它们。

在存储密码之前，您还应该对密码的值进行哈希处理，绝不要以明文形式存储它们。

HeroCreate 的字段包括：

• name
• age
• secret_name

Python 3.10+

# Code above omitted 👆

class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str

# Code below omitted 👇

👀 Full file preview

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: str | None = None
    age: int | None = None
    secret_name: str | None = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]
app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: SessionDep):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: SessionDep):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

🤓 Other versions and variants

Python 3.9+Python 3.8+Python 3.10+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.9+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.8+ - non-Annotated

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]
app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: SessionDep):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: SessionDep):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select
from typing_extensions import Annotated


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]
app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: SessionDep):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=List[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: SessionDep):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: str | None = None
    age: int | None = None
    secret_name: str | None = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(
    hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)
):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(
    hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)
):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=List[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(
    hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)
):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

HeroUpdate - 用于更新 hero 的数据模型

在之前的应用程序中，我们没有办法更新 hero，但现在有了多个模型，我们便能做到这一点了。🎉

HeroUpdate 数据模型有些特殊，它包含创建新 hero 所需的所有相同字段，但所有字段都是可选的（它们都有默认值）。这样，当您更新一个 hero 时，您可以只发送您想要更新的字段。

因为所有字段实际上都发生了变化（类型现在包括 None ，并且它们现在有一个默认值 None ），我们需要重新声明它们。

我们会重新声明所有字段，因此我们并不是真的需要从 HeroBase 继承。我会让它继承只是为了保持一致，但这并不必要。这更多是个人喜好的问题。🤷

HeroUpdate 的字段包括:

• name
• age
• secret_name

Python 3.10+

# Code above omitted 👆

class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: str | None = None
    age: int | None = None
    secret_name: str | None = None

# Code below omitted 👇

👀 Full file preview

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: str | None = None
    age: int | None = None
    secret_name: str | None = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]
app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: SessionDep):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: SessionDep):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

🤓 Other versions and variants

Python 3.9+Python 3.8+Python 3.10+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.9+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.8+ - non-Annotated

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]
app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: SessionDep):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: SessionDep):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select
from typing_extensions import Annotated


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]
app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: SessionDep):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=List[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: SessionDep):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: str | None = None
    age: int | None = None
    secret_name: str | None = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(
    hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)
):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(
    hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)
):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=List[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(
    hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)
):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

使用 HeroCreate 创建并返回 HeroPublic

既然我们有了多个模型，我们就可以对使用它们的应用程序部分进行更新。

我们在请求中接收到一个 HeroCreate 数据模型，然后从中创建一个 Hero 表模型。

这个新的表模型 Hero 会包含客户端发送的字段，以及一个由数据库生成的 id 。

然后我们将与函数中相同的表模型 Hero 原样返回。但是由于我们使用 HeroPublic 数据模型声明了 response_model ，FastAPI 会使用 HeroPublic 来验证和序列化数据。

Python 3.10+

# Code above omitted 👆

@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: SessionDep):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero

# Code below omitted 👇

👀 Full file preview

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: str | None = None
    age: int | None = None
    secret_name: str | None = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]
app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: SessionDep):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: SessionDep):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

🤓 Other versions and variants

Python 3.9+Python 3.8+Python 3.10+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.9+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.8+ - non-Annotated

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]
app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: SessionDep):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: SessionDep):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select
from typing_extensions import Annotated


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]
app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: SessionDep):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=List[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: SessionDep):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: str | None = None
    age: int | None = None
    secret_name: str | None = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(
    hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)
):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(
    hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)
):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=List[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(
    hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)
):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

现在我们使用 response_model=HeroPublic 来代替返回类型注释 -> HeroPublic ，因为我们返回的值实际上并不是 HeroPublic 类型。

如果我们声明了 -> HeroPublic ，您的编辑器和代码检查工具会抱怨（但也确实理所应当）您返回了一个 Hero 而不是一个 HeroPublic 。

通过 response_model 的声明，我们让 FastAPI 按照它自己的方式处理，而不会干扰类型注解以及编辑器和其他工具提供的帮助。

用 HeroPublic 读取 Hero

我们可以像之前一样读取 Hero 。同样，使用 response_model=list[HeroPublic] 确保正确地验证和序列化数据。

Python 3.10+

# Code above omitted 👆

@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes

# Code below omitted 👇

👀 Full file preview

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: str | None = None
    age: int | None = None
    secret_name: str | None = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]
app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: SessionDep):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: SessionDep):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

🤓 Other versions and variants

Python 3.9+Python 3.8+Python 3.10+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.9+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.8+ - non-Annotated

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]
app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: SessionDep):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: SessionDep):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select
from typing_extensions import Annotated


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]
app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: SessionDep):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=List[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: SessionDep):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: str | None = None
    age: int | None = None
    secret_name: str | None = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(
    hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)
):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(
    hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)
):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=List[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(
    hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)
):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

用 HeroPublic 读取单个 Hero

我们可以读取单个 hero 。

Python 3.10+

# Code above omitted 👆

@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero

# Code below omitted 👇

👀 Full file preview

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: str | None = None
    age: int | None = None
    secret_name: str | None = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]
app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: SessionDep):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: SessionDep):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

🤓 Other versions and variants

Python 3.9+Python 3.8+Python 3.10+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.9+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.8+ - non-Annotated

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]
app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: SessionDep):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: SessionDep):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select
from typing_extensions import Annotated


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]
app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: SessionDep):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=List[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: SessionDep):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: str | None = None
    age: int | None = None
    secret_name: str | None = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(
    hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)
):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(
    hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)
):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=List[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(
    hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)
):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

用 HeroUpdate 更新单个 Hero

我们可以更新单个 hero 。为此，我们会使用 HTTP 的 PATCH 操作。

在代码中，我们会得到一个 dict ，其中包含客户端发送的所有数据，只有客户端发送的数据，并排除了任何一个仅仅作为默认值存在的值。为此，我们使用 exclude_unset=True 。这是最主要的技巧。🪄

然后我们会使用 hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data) ，来利用 hero_data 的数据更新 hero_db 。

Python 3.10+

# Code above omitted 👆

@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: SessionDep):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db

# Code below omitted 👇

👀 Full file preview

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: str | None = None
    age: int | None = None
    secret_name: str | None = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]
app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: SessionDep):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: SessionDep):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

🤓 Other versions and variants

Python 3.9+Python 3.8+Python 3.10+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.9+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.8+ - non-Annotated

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]
app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: SessionDep):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: SessionDep):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select
from typing_extensions import Annotated


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]
app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: SessionDep):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=List[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: SessionDep):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: str | None = None
    age: int | None = None
    secret_name: str | None = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(
    hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)
):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(
    hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)
):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=List[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(
    hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)
):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

（又一次）删除单个 Hero

删除一个 hero 基本保持不变。

我们不会满足在这一部分中重构一切的愿望。😅

Python 3.10+

# Code above omitted 👆

@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

👀 Full file preview

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: str | None = None
    age: int | None = None
    secret_name: str | None = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]
app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: SessionDep):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: SessionDep):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

🤓 Other versions and variants

Python 3.9+Python 3.8+Python 3.10+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.9+ - non-AnnotatedPython 3.8+ - non-Annotated

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]
app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: SessionDep):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: SessionDep):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select
from typing_extensions import Annotated


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


SessionDep = Annotated[Session, Depends(get_session)]
app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: SessionDep):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=List[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: SessionDep,
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: Annotated[int, Query(le=100)] = 100,
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: SessionDep):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: SessionDep):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: str | None = None
    age: int | None = None
    secret_name: str | None = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(
    hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)
):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(
    hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)
):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None
    secret_name: Union[str, None] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
    session.add(db_hero)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(db_hero)
    return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=List[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
):
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(
    hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate, session: Session = Depends(get_session)
):
    hero_db = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
    hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
    session.add(hero_db)
    session.commit()
    session.refresh(hero_db)
    return hero_db


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)):
    hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
    if not hero:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
    session.delete(hero)
    session.commit()
    return {"ok": True}

（又一次）运行应用程序

您可以再运行一次应用程序：

$ fastapi dev main.py

<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)

您会在 /docs API UI 看到它现在已经更新，并且在进行创建 hero 等操作时，它不会再期望从客户端接收 id 数据。

总结

您可以使用 SQLModel 与 SQL 数据库进行交互，并通过数据模型和表模型简化代码。

您可以在 SQLModel 的文档中学习到更多内容，其中有一个更详细的关于如何将 SQLModel 与 FastAPI 一起使用的教程。🚀