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表单模型

您可以使用 Pydantic 模型在 FastAPI 中声明表单字段

Info

要使用表单,需预先安装 python-multipart

确保您创建、激活一个虚拟环境后再安装。

$ pip install python-multipart

Note

自 FastAPI 版本 0.113.0 起支持此功能。🤓

表单的 Pydantic 模型

您只需声明一个 Pydantic 模型,其中包含您希望接收的表单字段,然后将参数声明为 Form :

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import FastAPI, Form
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class FormData(BaseModel):
    username: str
    password: str


@app.post("/login/")
async def login(data: Annotated[FormData, Form()]):
    return data
🤓 Other versions and variants
from fastapi import FastAPI, Form
from pydantic import BaseModel
from typing_extensions import Annotated

app = FastAPI()


class FormData(BaseModel):
    username: str
    password: str


@app.post("/login/")
async def login(data: Annotated[FormData, Form()]):
    return data

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from fastapi import FastAPI, Form
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class FormData(BaseModel):
    username: str
    password: str


@app.post("/login/")
async def login(data: FormData = Form()):
    return data

FastAPI 将从请求中的表单数据提取每个字段的数据,并提供您定义的 Pydantic 模型。

检查文档

您可以在文档 UI 中验证它,地址为 /docs

禁止额外的表单字段

在某些特殊使用情况下(可能并不常见),您可能希望将表单字段限制为仅在 Pydantic 模型中声明过的字段,并禁止任何额外的字段。

Note

自 FastAPI 版本 0.114.0 起支持此功能。🤓

您可以使用 Pydantic 的模型配置来禁止( forbid )任何额外( extra )字段:

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import FastAPI, Form
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class FormData(BaseModel):
    username: str
    password: str
    model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}


@app.post("/login/")
async def login(data: Annotated[FormData, Form()]):
    return data
🤓 Other versions and variants
from fastapi import FastAPI, Form
from pydantic import BaseModel
from typing_extensions import Annotated

app = FastAPI()


class FormData(BaseModel):
    username: str
    password: str
    model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}


@app.post("/login/")
async def login(data: Annotated[FormData, Form()]):
    return data

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from fastapi import FastAPI, Form
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class FormData(BaseModel):
    username: str
    password: str
    model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}


@app.post("/login/")
async def login(data: FormData = Form()):
    return data

如果客户端尝试发送一些额外的数据,他们将收到错误响应。

例如,如果客户端尝试发送这样的表单字段:

  • username: Rick
  • password: Portal Gun
  • extra: Mr. Poopybutthole

他们将收到一条错误响应,表明字段 extra 是不被允许的:

{
    "detail": [
        {
            "type": "extra_forbidden",
            "loc": ["body", "extra"],
            "msg": "Extra inputs are not permitted",
            "input": "Mr. Poopybutthole"
        }
    ]
}

总结

您可以使用 Pydantic 模型在 FastAPI 中声明表单字段。😎