Form Models¶

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You can use Pydantic models to declare form fields in FastAPI.

Info

To use forms, first install python-multipart.

Make sure you create a virtual environment, activate it, and then install it, for example:

$ pip install python-multipart

Note

This is supported since FastAPI version 0.113.0. 🤓

Pydantic Models for Forms¶

You just need to declare a Pydantic model with the fields you want to receive as form fields, and then declare the parameter as Form:

Python 3.9+

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import FastAPI, Form
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class FormData(BaseModel):
    username: str
    password: str


@app.post("/login/")
async def login(data: Annotated[FormData, Form()]):
    return data

🤓 Other versions and variants

Python 3.8+Python 3.8+ - non-Annotated

from fastapi import FastAPI, Form
from pydantic import BaseModel
from typing_extensions import Annotated

app = FastAPI()


class FormData(BaseModel):
    username: str
    password: str


@app.post("/login/")
async def login(data: Annotated[FormData, Form()]):
    return data

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from fastapi import FastAPI, Form
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class FormData(BaseModel):
    username: str
    password: str


@app.post("/login/")
async def login(data: FormData = Form()):
    return data

FastAPI will extract the data for each field from the form data in the request and give you the Pydantic model you defined.

Check the Docs¶

You can verify it in the docs UI at /docs:

Forbid Extra Form Fields¶

In some special use cases (probably not very common), you might want to restrict the form fields to only those declared in the Pydantic model. And forbid any extra fields.

Note

This is supported since FastAPI version 0.114.0. 🤓

You can use Pydantic's model configuration to forbid any extra fields:

Python 3.9+

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import FastAPI, Form
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class FormData(BaseModel):
    username: str
    password: str
    model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}


@app.post("/login/")
async def login(data: Annotated[FormData, Form()]):
    return data

🤓 Other versions and variants

Python 3.8+Python 3.8+ - non-Annotated

from fastapi import FastAPI, Form
from pydantic import BaseModel
from typing_extensions import Annotated

app = FastAPI()


class FormData(BaseModel):
    username: str
    password: str
    model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}


@app.post("/login/")
async def login(data: Annotated[FormData, Form()]):
    return data

Tip

Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.

from fastapi import FastAPI, Form
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class FormData(BaseModel):
    username: str
    password: str
    model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}


@app.post("/login/")
async def login(data: FormData = Form()):
    return data

If a client tries to send some extra data, they will receive an error response.

For example, if the client tries to send the form fields:

username: Rick
password: Portal Gun
extra: Mr. Poopybutthole

They will receive an error response telling them that the field extra is not allowed:

{
    "detail": [
        {
            "type": "extra_forbidden",
            "loc": ["body", "extra"],
            "msg": "Extra inputs are not permitted",
            "input": "Mr. Poopybutthole"
        }
    ]
}

Summary¶

You can use Pydantic models to declare form fields in FastAPI. 😎