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Security Tools

When you need to declare dependencies with OAuth2 scopes you use Security().

But you still need to define what is the dependable, the callable that you pass as a parameter to Depends() or Security().

There are multiple tools that you can use to create those dependables, and they get integrated into OpenAPI so they are shown in the automatic docs UI, they can be used by automatically generated clients and SDKs, etc.

You can import them from fastapi.security:

from fastapi.security import (
    APIKeyCookie,
    APIKeyHeader,
    APIKeyQuery,
    HTTPAuthorizationCredentials,
    HTTPBasic,
    HTTPBasicCredentials,
    HTTPBearer,
    HTTPDigest,
    OAuth2,
    OAuth2AuthorizationCodeBearer,
    OAuth2PasswordBearer,
    OAuth2PasswordRequestForm,
    OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict,
    OpenIdConnect,
    SecurityScopes,
)

API Key Security Schemes

fastapi.security.APIKeyCookie 

APIKeyCookie(
    *,
    name,
    scheme_name=None,
    description=None,
    auto_error=True
)

Bases: APIKeyBase

API key authentication using a cookie.

This defines the name of the cookie that should be provided in the request with the API key and integrates that into the OpenAPI documentation. It extracts the key value sent in the cookie automatically and provides it as the dependency result. But it doesn't define how to set that cookie.

Usage

Create an instance object and use that object as the dependency in Depends().

The dependency result will be a string containing the key value.

Example

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
from fastapi.security import APIKeyCookie

app = FastAPI()

cookie_scheme = APIKeyCookie(name="session")


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(session: str = Depends(cookie_scheme)):
    return {"session": session}
PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
name

Cookie name.

TYPE: str

scheme_name

Security scheme name.

It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at /docs).

TYPE: Optional[str] DEFAULT: None

description

Security scheme description.

It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at /docs).

TYPE: Optional[str] DEFAULT: None

auto_error

By default, if the cookie is not provided, APIKeyCookie will automatically cancel the request and send the client an error.

If auto_error is set to False, when the cookie is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will be None.

This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.

It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in a cookie or in an HTTP Bearer token).

TYPE: bool DEFAULT: True

Source code in fastapi/security/api_key.py 
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def __init__(
    self,
    *,
    name: Annotated[str, Doc("Cookie name.")],
    scheme_name: Annotated[
        Optional[str],
        Doc(
            """
            Security scheme name.

            It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    description: Annotated[
        Optional[str],
        Doc(
            """
            Security scheme description.

            It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    auto_error: Annotated[
        bool,
        Doc(
            """
            By default, if the cookie is not provided, `APIKeyCookie` will
            automatically cancel the request and send the client an error.

            If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the cookie is not available,
            instead of erroring out, the dependency result will be `None`.

            This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.

            It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
            provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in a cookie or
            in an HTTP Bearer token).
            """
        ),
    ] = True,
):
    self.model: APIKey = APIKey(
        **{"in": APIKeyIn.cookie},  # type: ignore[arg-type]
        name=name,
        description=description,
    )
    self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__
    self.auto_error = auto_error

model instance-attribute 

model = APIKey(
    **{"in": cookie}, name=name, description=description
)

scheme_name instance-attribute 

scheme_name = scheme_name or __name__

auto_error instance-attribute 

auto_error = auto_error

fastapi.security.APIKeyHeader 

APIKeyHeader(
    *,
    name,
    scheme_name=None,
    description=None,
    auto_error=True
)

Bases: APIKeyBase

API key authentication using a header.

This defines the name of the header that should be provided in the request with the API key and integrates that into the OpenAPI documentation. It extracts the key value sent in the header automatically and provides it as the dependency result. But it doesn't define how to send that key to the client.

Usage

Create an instance object and use that object as the dependency in Depends().

The dependency result will be a string containing the key value.

Example

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
from fastapi.security import APIKeyHeader

app = FastAPI()

header_scheme = APIKeyHeader(name="x-key")


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(key: str = Depends(header_scheme)):
    return {"key": key}
PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
name

Header name.

TYPE: str

scheme_name

Security scheme name.

It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at /docs).

TYPE: Optional[str] DEFAULT: None

description

Security scheme description.

It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at /docs).

TYPE: Optional[str] DEFAULT: None

auto_error

By default, if the header is not provided, APIKeyHeader will automatically cancel the request and send the client an error.

If auto_error is set to False, when the header is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will be None.

This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.

It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in a header or in an HTTP Bearer token).

TYPE: bool DEFAULT: True

Source code in fastapi/security/api_key.py 
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def __init__(
    self,
    *,
    name: Annotated[str, Doc("Header name.")],
    scheme_name: Annotated[
        Optional[str],
        Doc(
            """
            Security scheme name.

            It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    description: Annotated[
        Optional[str],
        Doc(
            """
            Security scheme description.

            It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    auto_error: Annotated[
        bool,
        Doc(
            """
            By default, if the header is not provided, `APIKeyHeader` will
            automatically cancel the request and send the client an error.

            If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the header is not available,
            instead of erroring out, the dependency result will be `None`.

            This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.

            It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
            provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in a header or
            in an HTTP Bearer token).
            """
        ),
    ] = True,
):
    self.model: APIKey = APIKey(
        **{"in": APIKeyIn.header},  # type: ignore[arg-type]
        name=name,
        description=description,
    )
    self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__
    self.auto_error = auto_error

model instance-attribute 

model = APIKey(
    **{"in": header}, name=name, description=description
)

scheme_name instance-attribute 

scheme_name = scheme_name or __name__

auto_error instance-attribute 

auto_error = auto_error

fastapi.security.APIKeyQuery 

APIKeyQuery(
    *,
    name,
    scheme_name=None,
    description=None,
    auto_error=True
)

Bases: APIKeyBase

API key authentication using a query parameter.

This defines the name of the query parameter that should be provided in the request with the API key and integrates that into the OpenAPI documentation. It extracts the key value sent in the query parameter automatically and provides it as the dependency result. But it doesn't define how to send that API key to the client.

Usage

Create an instance object and use that object as the dependency in Depends().

The dependency result will be a string containing the key value.

Example

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
from fastapi.security import APIKeyQuery

app = FastAPI()

query_scheme = APIKeyQuery(name="api_key")


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(api_key: str = Depends(query_scheme)):
    return {"api_key": api_key}
PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
name

Query parameter name.

TYPE: str

scheme_name

Security scheme name.

It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at /docs).

TYPE: Optional[str] DEFAULT: None

description

Security scheme description.

It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at /docs).

TYPE: Optional[str] DEFAULT: None

auto_error

By default, if the query parameter is not provided, APIKeyQuery will automatically cancel the request and send the client an error.

If auto_error is set to False, when the query parameter is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will be None.

This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.

It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in a query parameter or in an HTTP Bearer token).

TYPE: bool DEFAULT: True

Source code in fastapi/security/api_key.py 
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def __init__(
    self,
    *,
    name: Annotated[
        str,
        Doc("Query parameter name."),
    ],
    scheme_name: Annotated[
        Optional[str],
        Doc(
            """
            Security scheme name.

            It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    description: Annotated[
        Optional[str],
        Doc(
            """
            Security scheme description.

            It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    auto_error: Annotated[
        bool,
        Doc(
            """
            By default, if the query parameter is not provided, `APIKeyQuery` will
            automatically cancel the request and send the client an error.

            If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the query parameter is not
            available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will be
            `None`.

            This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.

            It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
            provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in a query
            parameter or in an HTTP Bearer token).
            """
        ),
    ] = True,
):
    self.model: APIKey = APIKey(
        **{"in": APIKeyIn.query},  # type: ignore[arg-type]
        name=name,
        description=description,
    )
    self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__
    self.auto_error = auto_error

model instance-attribute 

model = APIKey(
    **{"in": query}, name=name, description=description
)

scheme_name instance-attribute 

scheme_name = scheme_name or __name__

auto_error instance-attribute 

auto_error = auto_error

HTTP Authentication Schemes

fastapi.security.HTTPBasic 

HTTPBasic(
    *,
    scheme_name=None,
    realm=None,
    description=None,
    auto_error=True
)

Bases: HTTPBase

HTTP Basic authentication.

Usage

Create an instance object and use that object as the dependency in Depends().

The dependency result will be an HTTPBasicCredentials object containing the username and the password.

Read more about it in the FastAPI docs for HTTP Basic Auth.

Example

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
from fastapi.security import HTTPBasic, HTTPBasicCredentials

app = FastAPI()

security = HTTPBasic()


@app.get("/users/me")
def read_current_user(credentials: Annotated[HTTPBasicCredentials, Depends(security)]):
    return {"username": credentials.username, "password": credentials.password}
PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
scheme_name

Security scheme name.

It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at /docs).

TYPE: Optional[str] DEFAULT: None

realm

HTTP Basic authentication realm.

TYPE: Optional[str] DEFAULT: None

description

Security scheme description.

It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at /docs).

TYPE: Optional[str] DEFAULT: None

auto_error

By default, if the HTTP Basic authentication is not provided (a header), HTTPBasic will automatically cancel the request and send the client an error.

If auto_error is set to False, when the HTTP Basic authentication is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will be None.

This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.

It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in HTTP Basic authentication or in an HTTP Bearer token).

TYPE: bool DEFAULT: True

Source code in fastapi/security/http.py 
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def __init__(
    self,
    *,
    scheme_name: Annotated[
        Optional[str],
        Doc(
            """
            Security scheme name.

            It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    realm: Annotated[
        Optional[str],
        Doc(
            """
            HTTP Basic authentication realm.
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    description: Annotated[
        Optional[str],
        Doc(
            """
            Security scheme description.

            It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    auto_error: Annotated[
        bool,
        Doc(
            """
            By default, if the HTTP Basic authentication is not provided (a
            header), `HTTPBasic` will automatically cancel the request and send the
            client an error.

            If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Basic authentication
            is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will
            be `None`.

            This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.

            It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
            provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in HTTP Basic
            authentication or in an HTTP Bearer token).
            """
        ),
    ] = True,
):
    self.model = HTTPBaseModel(scheme="basic", description=description)
    self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__
    self.realm = realm
    self.auto_error = auto_error

model instance-attribute 

model = HTTPBase(scheme='basic', description=description)

scheme_name instance-attribute 

scheme_name = scheme_name or __name__

realm instance-attribute 

realm = realm

auto_error instance-attribute 

auto_error = auto_error

fastapi.security.HTTPBearer 

HTTPBearer(
    *,
    bearerFormat=None,
    scheme_name=None,
    description=None,
    auto_error=True
)

Bases: HTTPBase

HTTP Bearer token authentication.

Usage

Create an instance object and use that object as the dependency in Depends().

The dependency result will be an HTTPAuthorizationCredentials object containing the scheme and the credentials.

Example

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
from fastapi.security import HTTPAuthorizationCredentials, HTTPBearer

app = FastAPI()

security = HTTPBearer()


@app.get("/users/me")
def read_current_user(
    credentials: Annotated[HTTPAuthorizationCredentials, Depends(security)]
):
    return {"scheme": credentials.scheme, "credentials": credentials.credentials}
PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
bearerFormat

Bearer token format.

TYPE: Optional[str] DEFAULT: None

scheme_name

Security scheme name.

It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at /docs).

TYPE: Optional[str] DEFAULT: None

description

Security scheme description.

It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at /docs).

TYPE: Optional[str] DEFAULT: None

auto_error

By default, if the HTTP Bearer token not provided (in an Authorization header), HTTPBearer will automatically cancel the request and send the client an error.

If auto_error is set to False, when the HTTP Bearer token is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will be None.

This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.

It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in an HTTP Bearer token or in a cookie).

TYPE: bool DEFAULT: True

Source code in fastapi/security/http.py 
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def __init__(
    self,
    *,
    bearerFormat: Annotated[Optional[str], Doc("Bearer token format.")] = None,
    scheme_name: Annotated[
        Optional[str],
        Doc(
            """
            Security scheme name.

            It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    description: Annotated[
        Optional[str],
        Doc(
            """
            Security scheme description.

            It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    auto_error: Annotated[
        bool,
        Doc(
            """
            By default, if the HTTP Bearer token not provided (in an
            `Authorization` header), `HTTPBearer` will automatically cancel the
            request and send the client an error.

            If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Bearer token
            is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will
            be `None`.

            This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.

            It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
            provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in an HTTP
            Bearer token or in a cookie).
            """
        ),
    ] = True,
):
    self.model = HTTPBearerModel(bearerFormat=bearerFormat, description=description)
    self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__
    self.auto_error = auto_error

model instance-attribute 

model = HTTPBearer(
    bearerFormat=bearerFormat, description=description
)

scheme_name instance-attribute 

scheme_name = scheme_name or __name__

auto_error instance-attribute 

auto_error = auto_error

fastapi.security.HTTPDigest 

HTTPDigest(
    *, scheme_name=None, description=None, auto_error=True
)

Bases: HTTPBase

HTTP Digest authentication.

Usage

Create an instance object and use that object as the dependency in Depends().

The dependency result will be an HTTPAuthorizationCredentials object containing the scheme and the credentials.

Example

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
from fastapi.security import HTTPAuthorizationCredentials, HTTPDigest

app = FastAPI()

security = HTTPDigest()


@app.get("/users/me")
def read_current_user(
    credentials: Annotated[HTTPAuthorizationCredentials, Depends(security)]
):
    return {"scheme": credentials.scheme, "credentials": credentials.credentials}
PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
scheme_name

Security scheme name.

It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at /docs).

TYPE: Optional[str] DEFAULT: None

description

Security scheme description.

It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at /docs).

TYPE: Optional[str] DEFAULT: None

auto_error

By default, if the HTTP Digest not provided, HTTPDigest will automatically cancel the request and send the client an error.

If auto_error is set to False, when the HTTP Digest is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will be None.

This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.

It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in HTTP Digest or in a cookie).

TYPE: bool DEFAULT: True

Source code in fastapi/security/http.py 
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def __init__(
    self,
    *,
    scheme_name: Annotated[
        Optional[str],
        Doc(
            """
            Security scheme name.

            It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    description: Annotated[
        Optional[str],
        Doc(
            """
            Security scheme description.

            It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    auto_error: Annotated[
        bool,
        Doc(
            """
            By default, if the HTTP Digest not provided, `HTTPDigest` will
            automatically cancel the request and send the client an error.

            If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Digest is not
            available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will
            be `None`.

            This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.

            It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
            provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in HTTP
            Digest or in a cookie).
            """
        ),
    ] = True,
):
    self.model = HTTPBaseModel(scheme="digest", description=description)
    self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__
    self.auto_error = auto_error

model instance-attribute 

model = HTTPBase(scheme='digest', description=description)

scheme_name instance-attribute 

scheme_name = scheme_name or __name__

auto_error instance-attribute 

auto_error = auto_error

HTTP Credentials

fastapi.security.HTTPAuthorizationCredentials

Bases: BaseModel

The HTTP authorization credentials in the result of using HTTPBearer or HTTPDigest in a dependency.

The HTTP authorization header value is split by the first space.

The first part is the scheme, the second part is the credentials.

For example, in an HTTP Bearer token scheme, the client will send a header like:

Authorization: Bearer deadbeef12346

In this case:

  • scheme will have the value "Bearer"
  • credentials will have the value "deadbeef12346"

scheme instance-attribute 

scheme

The HTTP authorization scheme extracted from the header value.

credentials instance-attribute 

credentials

The HTTP authorization credentials extracted from the header value.

fastapi.security.HTTPBasicCredentials

Bases: BaseModel

The HTTP Basic credentials given as the result of using HTTPBasic in a dependency.

Read more about it in the FastAPI docs for HTTP Basic Auth.

username instance-attribute 

username

The HTTP Basic username.

password instance-attribute 

password

The HTTP Basic password.

OAuth2 Authentication

fastapi.security.OAuth2 

OAuth2(
    *,
    flows=OAuthFlows(),
    scheme_name=None,
    description=None,
    auto_error=True
)

Bases: SecurityBase

This is the base class for OAuth2 authentication, an instance of it would be used as a dependency. All other OAuth2 classes inherit from it and customize it for each OAuth2 flow.

You normally would not create a new class inheriting from it but use one of the existing subclasses, and maybe compose them if you want to support multiple flows.

Read more about it in the FastAPI docs for Security.

PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
flows

The dictionary of OAuth2 flows.

TYPE: Union[OAuthFlows, Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]]] DEFAULT: OAuthFlows()

scheme_name

Security scheme name.

It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at /docs).

TYPE: Optional[str] DEFAULT: None

description

Security scheme description.

It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at /docs).

TYPE: Optional[str] DEFAULT: None

auto_error

By default, if no HTTP Authorization header is provided, required for OAuth2 authentication, it will automatically cancel the request and send the client an error.

If auto_error is set to False, when the HTTP Authorization header is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will be None.

This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.

It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, with OAuth2 or in a cookie).

TYPE: bool DEFAULT: True

Source code in fastapi/security/oauth2.py 
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def __init__(
    self,
    *,
    flows: Annotated[
        Union[OAuthFlowsModel, Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]]],
        Doc(
            """
            The dictionary of OAuth2 flows.
            """
        ),
    ] = OAuthFlowsModel(),
    scheme_name: Annotated[
        Optional[str],
        Doc(
            """
            Security scheme name.

            It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    description: Annotated[
        Optional[str],
        Doc(
            """
            Security scheme description.

            It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    auto_error: Annotated[
        bool,
        Doc(
            """
            By default, if no HTTP Authorization header is provided, required for
            OAuth2 authentication, it will automatically cancel the request and
            send the client an error.

            If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Authorization header
            is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will
            be `None`.

            This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.

            It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
            provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, with OAuth2
            or in a cookie).
            """
        ),
    ] = True,
):
    self.model = OAuth2Model(
        flows=cast(OAuthFlowsModel, flows), description=description
    )
    self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__
    self.auto_error = auto_error

model instance-attribute 

model = OAuth2(
    flows=cast(OAuthFlows, flows), description=description
)

scheme_name instance-attribute 

scheme_name = scheme_name or __name__

auto_error instance-attribute 

auto_error = auto_error

fastapi.security.OAuth2AuthorizationCodeBearer 

OAuth2AuthorizationCodeBearer(
    authorizationUrl,
    tokenUrl,
    refreshUrl=None,
    scheme_name=None,
    scopes=None,
    description=None,
    auto_error=True,
)

Bases: OAuth2

OAuth2 flow for authentication using a bearer token obtained with an OAuth2 code flow. An instance of it would be used as a dependency.

PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
authorizationUrl

TYPE: str

tokenUrl

The URL to obtain the OAuth2 token.

TYPE: str

refreshUrl

The URL to refresh the token and obtain a new one.

TYPE: Optional[str] DEFAULT: None

scheme_name

Security scheme name.

It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at /docs).

TYPE: Optional[str] DEFAULT: None

scopes

The OAuth2 scopes that would be required by the path operations that use this dependency.

TYPE: Optional[Dict[str, str]] DEFAULT: None

description

Security scheme description.

It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at /docs).

TYPE: Optional[str] DEFAULT: None

auto_error

By default, if no HTTP Authorization header is provided, required for OAuth2 authentication, it will automatically cancel the request and send the client an error.

If auto_error is set to False, when the HTTP Authorization header is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will be None.

This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.

It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, with OAuth2 or in a cookie).

TYPE: bool DEFAULT: True

Source code in fastapi/security/oauth2.py 
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def __init__(
    self,
    authorizationUrl: str,
    tokenUrl: Annotated[
        str,
        Doc(
            """
            The URL to obtain the OAuth2 token.
            """
        ),
    ],
    refreshUrl: Annotated[
        Optional[str],
        Doc(
            """
            The URL to refresh the token and obtain a new one.
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    scheme_name: Annotated[
        Optional[str],
        Doc(
            """
            Security scheme name.

            It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    scopes: Annotated[
        Optional[Dict[str, str]],
        Doc(
            """
            The OAuth2 scopes that would be required by the *path operations* that
            use this dependency.
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    description: Annotated[
        Optional[str],
        Doc(
            """
            Security scheme description.

            It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    auto_error: Annotated[
        bool,
        Doc(
            """
            By default, if no HTTP Authorization header is provided, required for
            OAuth2 authentication, it will automatically cancel the request and
            send the client an error.

            If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Authorization header
            is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will
            be `None`.

            This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.

            It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
            provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, with OAuth2
            or in a cookie).
            """
        ),
    ] = True,
):
    if not scopes:
        scopes = {}
    flows = OAuthFlowsModel(
        authorizationCode=cast(
            Any,
            {
                "authorizationUrl": authorizationUrl,
                "tokenUrl": tokenUrl,
                "refreshUrl": refreshUrl,
                "scopes": scopes,
            },
        )
    )
    super().__init__(
        flows=flows,
        scheme_name=scheme_name,
        description=description,
        auto_error=auto_error,
    )

model instance-attribute 

model = OAuth2(
    flows=cast(OAuthFlows, flows), description=description
)

scheme_name instance-attribute 

scheme_name = scheme_name or __name__

auto_error instance-attribute 

auto_error = auto_error

fastapi.security.OAuth2PasswordBearer 

OAuth2PasswordBearer(
    tokenUrl,
    scheme_name=None,
    scopes=None,
    description=None,
    auto_error=True,
)

Bases: OAuth2

OAuth2 flow for authentication using a bearer token obtained with a password. An instance of it would be used as a dependency.

Read more about it in the FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer.

PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
tokenUrl

The URL to obtain the OAuth2 token. This would be the path operation that has OAuth2PasswordRequestForm as a dependency.

TYPE: str

scheme_name

Security scheme name.

It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at /docs).

TYPE: Optional[str] DEFAULT: None

scopes

The OAuth2 scopes that would be required by the path operations that use this dependency.

TYPE: Optional[Dict[str, str]] DEFAULT: None

description

Security scheme description.

It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at /docs).

TYPE: Optional[str] DEFAULT: None

auto_error

By default, if no HTTP Authorization header is provided, required for OAuth2 authentication, it will automatically cancel the request and send the client an error.

If auto_error is set to False, when the HTTP Authorization header is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will be None.

This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.

It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, with OAuth2 or in a cookie).

TYPE: bool DEFAULT: True

Source code in fastapi/security/oauth2.py 
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def __init__(
    self,
    tokenUrl: Annotated[
        str,
        Doc(
            """
            The URL to obtain the OAuth2 token. This would be the *path operation*
            that has `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` as a dependency.
            """
        ),
    ],
    scheme_name: Annotated[
        Optional[str],
        Doc(
            """
            Security scheme name.

            It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    scopes: Annotated[
        Optional[Dict[str, str]],
        Doc(
            """
            The OAuth2 scopes that would be required by the *path operations* that
            use this dependency.
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    description: Annotated[
        Optional[str],
        Doc(
            """
            Security scheme description.

            It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    auto_error: Annotated[
        bool,
        Doc(
            """
            By default, if no HTTP Authorization header is provided, required for
            OAuth2 authentication, it will automatically cancel the request and
            send the client an error.

            If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Authorization header
            is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will
            be `None`.

            This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.

            It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
            provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, with OAuth2
            or in a cookie).
            """
        ),
    ] = True,
):
    if not scopes:
        scopes = {}
    flows = OAuthFlowsModel(
        password=cast(Any, {"tokenUrl": tokenUrl, "scopes": scopes})
    )
    super().__init__(
        flows=flows,
        scheme_name=scheme_name,
        description=description,
        auto_error=auto_error,
    )

model instance-attribute 

model = OAuth2(
    flows=cast(OAuthFlows, flows), description=description
)

scheme_name instance-attribute 

scheme_name = scheme_name or __name__

auto_error instance-attribute 

auto_error = auto_error

OAuth2 Password Form

fastapi.security.OAuth2PasswordRequestForm 

OAuth2PasswordRequestForm(
    *,
    grant_type=None,
    username,
    password,
    scope="",
    client_id=None,
    client_secret=None
)

This is a dependency class to collect the username and password as form data for an OAuth2 password flow.

The OAuth2 specification dictates that for a password flow the data should be collected using form data (instead of JSON) and that it should have the specific fields username and password.

All the initialization parameters are extracted from the request.

Read more about it in the FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer.

Example

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordRequestForm

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/login")
def login(form_data: Annotated[OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, Depends()]):
    data = {}
    data["scopes"] = []
    for scope in form_data.scopes:
        data["scopes"].append(scope)
    if form_data.client_id:
        data["client_id"] = form_data.client_id
    if form_data.client_secret:
        data["client_secret"] = form_data.client_secret
    return data

Note that for OAuth2 the scope items:read is a single scope in an opaque string. You could have custom internal logic to separate it by colon caracters (:) or similar, and get the two parts items and read. Many applications do that to group and organize permissions, you could do it as well in your application, just know that that it is application specific, it's not part of the specification.

PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
grant_type

The OAuth2 spec says it is required and MUST be the fixed string "password". Nevertheless, this dependency class is permissive and allows not passing it. If you want to enforce it, use instead the OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict dependency.

TYPE: Union[str, None] DEFAULT: None

username

username string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name username.

TYPE: str

password

password string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name `password".

TYPE: str

scope

A single string with actually several scopes separated by spaces. Each scope is also a string.

For example, a single string with:

```python "items:read items:write users:read profile openid" ````

would represent the scopes:

  • items:read
  • items:write
  • users:read
  • profile
  • openid

TYPE: str DEFAULT: ''

client_id

If there's a client_id, it can be sent as part of the form fields. But the OAuth2 specification recommends sending the client_id and client_secret (if any) using HTTP Basic auth.

TYPE: Union[str, None] DEFAULT: None

client_secret

If there's a client_password (and a client_id), they can be sent as part of the form fields. But the OAuth2 specification recommends sending the client_id and client_secret (if any) using HTTP Basic auth.

TYPE: Union[str, None] DEFAULT: None

Source code in fastapi/security/oauth2.py 
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def __init__(
    self,
    *,
    grant_type: Annotated[
        Union[str, None],
        Form(pattern="password"),
        Doc(
            """
            The OAuth2 spec says it is required and MUST be the fixed string
            "password". Nevertheless, this dependency class is permissive and
            allows not passing it. If you want to enforce it, use instead the
            `OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict` dependency.
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    username: Annotated[
        str,
        Form(),
        Doc(
            """
            `username` string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name
            `username`.
            """
        ),
    ],
    password: Annotated[
        str,
        Form(),
        Doc(
            """
            `password` string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name
            `password".
            """
        ),
    ],
    scope: Annotated[
        str,
        Form(),
        Doc(
            """
            A single string with actually several scopes separated by spaces. Each
            scope is also a string.

            For example, a single string with:

            ```python
            "items:read items:write users:read profile openid"
            ````

            would represent the scopes:

            * `items:read`
            * `items:write`
            * `users:read`
            * `profile`
            * `openid`
            """
        ),
    ] = "",
    client_id: Annotated[
        Union[str, None],
        Form(),
        Doc(
            """
            If there's a `client_id`, it can be sent as part of the form fields.
            But the OAuth2 specification recommends sending the `client_id` and
            `client_secret` (if any) using HTTP Basic auth.
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    client_secret: Annotated[
        Union[str, None],
        Form(),
        Doc(
            """
            If there's a `client_password` (and a `client_id`), they can be sent
            as part of the form fields. But the OAuth2 specification recommends
            sending the `client_id` and `client_secret` (if any) using HTTP Basic
            auth.
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
):
    self.grant_type = grant_type
    self.username = username
    self.password = password
    self.scopes = scope.split()
    self.client_id = client_id
    self.client_secret = client_secret

grant_type instance-attribute 

grant_type = grant_type

username instance-attribute 

username = username

password instance-attribute 

password = password

scopes instance-attribute 

scopes = split()

client_id instance-attribute 

client_id = client_id

client_secret instance-attribute 

client_secret = client_secret

fastapi.security.OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict 

OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict(
    grant_type,
    username,
    password,
    scope="",
    client_id=None,
    client_secret=None,
)

Bases: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm

This is a dependency class to collect the username and password as form data for an OAuth2 password flow.

The OAuth2 specification dictates that for a password flow the data should be collected using form data (instead of JSON) and that it should have the specific fields username and password.

All the initialization parameters are extracted from the request.

The only difference between OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict and OAuth2PasswordRequestForm is that OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict requires the client to send the form field grant_type with the value "password", which is required in the OAuth2 specification (it seems that for no particular reason), while for OAuth2PasswordRequestForm grant_type is optional.

Read more about it in the FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer.

Example

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordRequestForm

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/login")
def login(form_data: Annotated[OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict, Depends()]):
    data = {}
    data["scopes"] = []
    for scope in form_data.scopes:
        data["scopes"].append(scope)
    if form_data.client_id:
        data["client_id"] = form_data.client_id
    if form_data.client_secret:
        data["client_secret"] = form_data.client_secret
    return data

Note that for OAuth2 the scope items:read is a single scope in an opaque string. You could have custom internal logic to separate it by colon caracters (:) or similar, and get the two parts items and read. Many applications do that to group and organize permissions, you could do it as well in your application, just know that that it is application specific, it's not part of the specification.

the OAuth2 spec says it is required and MUST be the fixed string "password".

This dependency is strict about it. If you want to be permissive, use instead the OAuth2PasswordRequestForm dependency class.

username: username string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name "username". password: password string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name "password". scope: Optional string. Several scopes (each one a string) separated by spaces. E.g. "items:read items:write users:read profile openid" client_id: optional string. OAuth2 recommends sending the client_id and client_secret (if any) using HTTP Basic auth, as: client_id:client_secret client_secret: optional string. OAuth2 recommends sending the client_id and client_secret (if any) using HTTP Basic auth, as: client_id:client_secret

PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
grant_type

The OAuth2 spec says it is required and MUST be the fixed string "password". This dependency is strict about it. If you want to be permissive, use instead the OAuth2PasswordRequestForm dependency class.

TYPE: str

username

username string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name username.

TYPE: str

password

password string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name `password".

TYPE: str

scope

A single string with actually several scopes separated by spaces. Each scope is also a string.

For example, a single string with:

```python "items:read items:write users:read profile openid" ````

would represent the scopes:

  • items:read
  • items:write
  • users:read
  • profile
  • openid

TYPE: str DEFAULT: ''

client_id

If there's a client_id, it can be sent as part of the form fields. But the OAuth2 specification recommends sending the client_id and client_secret (if any) using HTTP Basic auth.

TYPE: Union[str, None] DEFAULT: None

client_secret

If there's a client_password (and a client_id), they can be sent as part of the form fields. But the OAuth2 specification recommends sending the client_id and client_secret (if any) using HTTP Basic auth.

TYPE: Union[str, None] DEFAULT: None

Source code in fastapi/security/oauth2.py 
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def __init__(
    self,
    grant_type: Annotated[
        str,
        Form(pattern="password"),
        Doc(
            """
            The OAuth2 spec says it is required and MUST be the fixed string
            "password". This dependency is strict about it. If you want to be
            permissive, use instead the `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` dependency
            class.
            """
        ),
    ],
    username: Annotated[
        str,
        Form(),
        Doc(
            """
            `username` string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name
            `username`.
            """
        ),
    ],
    password: Annotated[
        str,
        Form(),
        Doc(
            """
            `password` string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name
            `password".
            """
        ),
    ],
    scope: Annotated[
        str,
        Form(),
        Doc(
            """
            A single string with actually several scopes separated by spaces. Each
            scope is also a string.

            For example, a single string with:

            ```python
            "items:read items:write users:read profile openid"
            ````

            would represent the scopes:

            * `items:read`
            * `items:write`
            * `users:read`
            * `profile`
            * `openid`
            """
        ),
    ] = "",
    client_id: Annotated[
        Union[str, None],
        Form(),
        Doc(
            """
            If there's a `client_id`, it can be sent as part of the form fields.
            But the OAuth2 specification recommends sending the `client_id` and
            `client_secret` (if any) using HTTP Basic auth.
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    client_secret: Annotated[
        Union[str, None],
        Form(),
        Doc(
            """
            If there's a `client_password` (and a `client_id`), they can be sent
            as part of the form fields. But the OAuth2 specification recommends
            sending the `client_id` and `client_secret` (if any) using HTTP Basic
            auth.
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
):
    super().__init__(
        grant_type=grant_type,
        username=username,
        password=password,
        scope=scope,
        client_id=client_id,
        client_secret=client_secret,
    )

grant_type instance-attribute 

grant_type = grant_type

username instance-attribute 

username = username

password instance-attribute 

password = password

scopes instance-attribute 

scopes = split()

client_id instance-attribute 

client_id = client_id

client_secret instance-attribute 

client_secret = client_secret

OAuth2 Security Scopes in Dependencies

fastapi.security.SecurityScopes 

SecurityScopes(scopes=None)

This is a special class that you can define in a parameter in a dependency to obtain the OAuth2 scopes required by all the dependencies in the same chain.

This way, multiple dependencies can have different scopes, even when used in the same path operation. And with this, you can access all the scopes required in all those dependencies in a single place.

Read more about it in the FastAPI docs for OAuth2 scopes.

PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
scopes

This will be filled by FastAPI.

TYPE: Optional[List[str]] DEFAULT: None

Source code in fastapi/security/oauth2.py 
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def __init__(
    self,
    scopes: Annotated[
        Optional[List[str]],
        Doc(
            """
            This will be filled by FastAPI.
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
):
    self.scopes: Annotated[
        List[str],
        Doc(
            """
            The list of all the scopes required by dependencies.
            """
        ),
    ] = scopes or []
    self.scope_str: Annotated[
        str,
        Doc(
            """
            All the scopes required by all the dependencies in a single string
            separated by spaces, as defined in the OAuth2 specification.
            """
        ),
    ] = " ".join(self.scopes)

scopes instance-attribute 

scopes = scopes or []

The list of all the scopes required by dependencies.

scope_str instance-attribute 

scope_str = join(scopes)

All the scopes required by all the dependencies in a single string separated by spaces, as defined in the OAuth2 specification.

OpenID Connect

fastapi.security.OpenIdConnect 

OpenIdConnect(
    *,
    openIdConnectUrl,
    scheme_name=None,
    description=None,
    auto_error=True
)

Bases: SecurityBase

OpenID Connect authentication class. An instance of it would be used as a dependency.

PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
openIdConnectUrl

The OpenID Connect URL.

TYPE: str

scheme_name

Security scheme name.

It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at /docs).

TYPE: Optional[str] DEFAULT: None

description

Security scheme description.

It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at /docs).

TYPE: Optional[str] DEFAULT: None

auto_error

By default, if no HTTP Authorization header is provided, required for OpenID Connect authentication, it will automatically cancel the request and send the client an error.

If auto_error is set to False, when the HTTP Authorization header is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will be None.

This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.

It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, with OpenID Connect or in a cookie).

TYPE: bool DEFAULT: True

Source code in fastapi/security/open_id_connect_url.py 
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def __init__(
    self,
    *,
    openIdConnectUrl: Annotated[
        str,
        Doc(
            """
        The OpenID Connect URL.
        """
        ),
    ],
    scheme_name: Annotated[
        Optional[str],
        Doc(
            """
            Security scheme name.

            It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    description: Annotated[
        Optional[str],
        Doc(
            """
            Security scheme description.

            It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    auto_error: Annotated[
        bool,
        Doc(
            """
            By default, if no HTTP Authorization header is provided, required for
            OpenID Connect authentication, it will automatically cancel the request
            and send the client an error.

            If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Authorization header
            is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will
            be `None`.

            This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.

            It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
            provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, with OpenID
            Connect or in a cookie).
            """
        ),
    ] = True,
):
    self.model = OpenIdConnectModel(
        openIdConnectUrl=openIdConnectUrl, description=description
    )
    self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__
    self.auto_error = auto_error

model instance-attribute 

model = OpenIdConnect(
    openIdConnectUrl=openIdConnectUrl,
    description=description,
)

scheme_name instance-attribute 

scheme_name = scheme_name or __name__

auto_error instance-attribute 

auto_error = auto_error