Run a Server Manually - Uvicorn¶
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The main thing you need to run a FastAPI application in a remote server machine is an ASGI server program like Uvicorn.
There are 3 main alternatives:
- Uvicorn: a high performance ASGI server.
- Hypercorn: an ASGI server compatible with HTTP/2 and Trio among other features.
- Daphne: the ASGI server built for Django Channels.
Server Machine and Server Program¶
There's a small detail about names to keep in mind. 💡
The word "server" is commonly used to refer to both the remote/cloud computer (the physical or virtual machine) and also the program that is running on that machine (e.g. Uvicorn).
Just keep in mind that when you read "server" in general, it could refer to one of those two things.
When referring to the remote machine, it's common to call it server, but also machine, VM (virtual machine), node. Those all refer to some type of remote machine, normally running Linux, where you run programs.
Install the Server Program¶
You can install an ASGI compatible server with:
- Uvicorn, a lightning-fast ASGI server, built on uvloop and httptools.
$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]"
---> 100%
Tip
By adding the standard, Uvicorn will install and use some recommended extra dependencies.
That including uvloop, the high-performance drop-in replacement for asyncio, that provides the big concurrency performance boost.
- Hypercorn, an ASGI server also compatible with HTTP/2.
$ pip install hypercorn
---> 100%
...or any other ASGI server.
Run the Server Program¶
You can then run your application the same way you have done in the tutorials, but without the --reload option, e.g.:
$ uvicorn main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 80
<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>: Uvicorn running on http://0.0.0.0:80 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
$ hypercorn main:app --bind 0.0.0.0:80
Running on 0.0.0.0:8080 over http (CTRL + C to quit)
Warning
Remember to remove the --reload option if you were using it.
The --reload option consumes much more resources, is more unstable, etc.
It helps a lot during development, but you shouldn't use it in production.
Hypercorn with Trio¶
Starlette and FastAPI are based on AnyIO, which makes them compatible with both Python's standard library asyncio and Trio.
Nevertheless, Uvicorn is currently only compatible with asyncio, and it normally uses uvloop, the high-performance drop-in replacement for asyncio.
But if you want to directly use Trio, then you can use Hypercorn as it supports it. ✨
Install Hypercorn with Trio¶
First you need to install Hypercorn with Trio support:
$ pip install "hypercorn[trio]"
---> 100%
Run with Trio¶
Then you can pass the command line option --worker-class with the value trio:
$ hypercorn main:app --worker-class trio
And that will start Hypercorn with your app using Trio as the backend.
Now you can use Trio internally in your app. Or even better, you can use AnyIO, to keep your code compatible with both Trio and asyncio. 🎉
Deployment Concepts¶
These examples run the server program (e.g Uvicorn), starting a single process, listening on all the IPs (0.0.0.0) on a predefined port (e.g. 80).
This is the basic idea. But you will probably want to take care of some additional things, like:
- Security - HTTPS
- Running on startup
- Restarts
- Replication (the number of processes running)
- Memory
- Previous steps before starting
I'll tell you more about each of these concepts, how to think about them, and some concrete examples with strategies to handle them in the next chapters. 🚀